Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 30: The Tadpole

Performer: LibriVox - deongines


'The Tadpole Who Wanted to be Grown Up' from Among the Pond People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

It was a bright, warm April day when the First Tadpole of the season ate his way out of the jelly-covered egg in which he had come to life. He was a very tiny, dark brown fellow. It would be hard to tell just what he did look like, for there is nothing in the world that one Tadpole looks like unless it is another Tadpole. He had a very small head with a busy little mouth opening on the front side of it: just above each end of this mouth was a shining black eye, and on the lower side of his head was a very wiggly tail. Somewhere between his head and the tip of this were his small stomach and places for legs, but one could not see all that in looking at him. It seemed as if what was not head was tail, and what was not tail was head.

When the First Tadpole found himself free in the water, he swam along by the great green floating jelly-mass of Frogs' eggs, and pressed his face up close to first one egg and then another. He saw other Tadpoles almost as large as he, and they were wriggling inside their egg homes. He couldn't talk to them through the jelly-mass—he could only look at them, and they looked greenish because he saw them through green jelly. They were really dark brown, like him. He wanted them to come out to play with him and he tried to show them that it was more interesting where he was, so he opened and shut his hard little jaws very fast and took big Tadpole-mouthfuls of green jelly.

Perhaps it was seeing this, and perhaps it was because the warm sunshine made them restless—but for some reason the shut-in Tadpoles nibbled busily at the egg-covering and before long were in the water with their brother. They all looked alike, and nobody except that one particular Tadpole knew who had been the first to hatch. He never forgot it, and indeed why should he? If one has ever been the First Tadpole, he is quite sure to remember the loneliness of it all his life.

Soon they dropped to the bottom of the pond and met their neighbors. They were such little fellows that nobody paid much attention to them. The older pond people often seemed to forget that the Tadpoles heard what they said, and cared too. The Minnows swam in and out among them, and hit them with their fins, and slapped them with their tails, and called them "little-big-mouths," and the Tadpoles couldn't hit back because they were so little. The Minnows didn't hurt the Tadpoles, but they made fun of them, and even the smallest Minnow would swim away if a Tadpole tried to play with him.

Then the Eels talked among themselves about them. "I shall be glad," said one old Father Eel, "when these youngsters hide their breathing-gills and go to the top of the water."

"So shall I," exclaimed a Mother Eel. "They keep their tails wiggling so that it hurts my eyes to look at them. Why can't they lie still and be good?"

Now the Tadpoles looked at each other with their shining black eyes. "What are our breathing-gills?" they asked. "They must be these little things on the sides of our heads."

"They are!" cried the First Tadpole. "The Biggest Frog said so. But I don't see where we can hide them, because they won't come off. And how could we ever breathe water without them?"

"Hear the children talk," exclaimed the Green Brown Frog, who had come down to look the Tadpoles over and decide which were hers. "Why, you won't always want to breathe water. Before long you will have to breathe air by swallowing it, and then you cannot stay long under water. I must go now. I am quite out of breath. Goodbye!"

Then the Tadpoles looked again at each other. "She didn't tell us what to do with our breathing-gills," they said. One of the Tadpoles who had hatched last, swam up to the First Tadpole. "Your breathing-gills are not so large as mine," she said.

"They surely are!" he exclaimed, for he felt very big indeed, having been the first to hatch.

"Oh, but they are not!" cried all his friends. "They don't stick out as they used to." And that was true, for his breathing-gills were sinking into his head, and they found that this was happening to all the older Tadpoles.

The next day they began going to the top to breathe air, the oldest ones first, and so on until they were all there. They thought it much pleasanter than the bottom of the pond, but it was not so safe. There were more dangers to be watched for here, and some of the careless young Tadpoles never lived to be Frogs. It is sad, yet it is always so.

Sometimes the Frogs came to see them, and once—once, after the Tadpoles had gotten their hindlegs, the Biggest Frog sat in the marsh near by and told them stories of his Tadpolehood. He said that he was always a very good little Tadpole, and always did as the Frogs told him to do; and that he was such a promising little fellow that every Mother Frog in the pond was sure that he had been hatched from one of her eggs.

"And were you?" asked one Tadpole, who never listened carefully, and so was always asking stupid questions.

The Biggest Frog looked at him very sternly. "No," he said, "I was not. Each wanted me as her son, but I never knew to which I belonged. I never knew! Still," he added, "it does not so much matter who a Frog's mother is, if the Frog is truly great." Then he filled the sacs on each side of his neck with air, and croaked loudly. His sister afterward told the Tadpoles that he was thinking of one of the forest people, the Groundhog, who was very proud because he could remember his grandfather.

The Green Brown Frog came often to look at them and see how they were growing. She was very fond of the First Tadpole. "Why, you have your forelegs!" she exclaimed one morning. "How you do grow!"

"What will I have next?" he asked, "more legs or another tail?"

The Green Brown Frog smiled the whole length of her mouth, and that was a very broad smile indeed. "Look at me," she said. "What change must come next to make you look like a Frog?"

"You haven't any tail," he said slowly. "Is that all the difference between us Tadpoles and Frogs?"

"That is all the difference now," she answered, "but it will take a long, long time for your tail to disappear. It will happen with that quite as it did with your breathing-gills. You will grow bigger and bigger and bigger, and it will grow smaller and smaller and smaller, until some day you will find yourself a Frog." She shut her mouth to get her breath, because, you know, Frogs can only breathe a little through their skins, and then only when they are wet. Most of their air they take in through their noses and swallow with their mouths closed. That is why they cannot make long speeches. When their mouths are open they cannot swallow air.

After a while she spoke again. "It takes as many years to make a newly hatched Tadpole into a fully grown Frog," she said, "as there are toes on one of your hindfeet."

The First Tadpole did not know what a year was, but he felt sure from the way in which she spoke that it was a long, long time, and he was in a hurry to grow up. "I want to be a Frog sooner!" he said, crossly. "It isn't any fun at all being a Tadpole." The Green Brown Frog swam away, he was becoming so disagreeable.

The First Tadpole became crosser and crosser, and was very unreasonable. He did not think of the pleasant things which happened every day, but only of the trying ones. He did not know that Frogs often wished themselves Tadpoles again, and he sulked around in the pondweed all day. Every time he looked at one of his hindfeet it reminded him of what the Green Brown Frog had said, and he even grew out of patience with his tail—the same strong wiggly little tail of which he had been so proud.

"Horrid old thing!" he said, giving it a jerk. "Won't I be glad to get rid of you?" Then he thought of something—foolish, vain little First Tadpole that he was. He thought and he thought and he thought and he thought, and when his playmates swam around him he wouldn't chase them, and when they asked him what was the matter, he just answered, "Oh nothing!" as carelessly as could be.

The truth was that he wanted to be a Frog right away, and he thought he knew how he could be. He didn't want to tell the other Tadpoles because he didn't want any one else to become a Frog as soon as he. After a while he swam off to see the Snapping Turtle. He was very much afraid of the Snapping Turtle, and yet he thought him the best one to see just now. "I came to see if you would snap off my tail," said he.

"Your what?" said the Snapping Turtle, in his most surprised way.

"My tail," answered the First Tadpole, who had never had a tail snapped off, and thought it could be easily done. "I want to be a Frog today and not wait."

"Certainly," said the Snapping Turtle. "With pleasure! No trouble at all! Anything else I can do for you?"

"No, thank you," said the First Tadpole, "only you won't snap off too much, will you?"

"Not a bit," answered the Snapping Turtle, with a strange look in his eyes. "And if any of your friends are in a hurry to grow up, I shall be glad to help them." Then he swam toward the First Tadpole and did as he had been asked to do.

The next morning all the other Tadpoles crowded around to look at the First Tadpole. "Why-ee!" they cried. "Where is your tail?"

"I don't know," he answered, "but I think the Snapping Turtle could tell you."

"What is this?" asked the Green Brown Frog, swimming up to them. "Did the Snapping Turtle try to catch you? You poor little fellow! How did it happen?" She was very fond of the First Tadpole, and had about decided that he must be one of her sons.

"Well," he said slowly, for he didn't want the other Tadpoles to do the same thing, "I met him last evening and he—"

"Snapped at you!" exclaimed the Green Brown Frog. "It is lucky for you that he doesn't believe in eating hearty suppers, that is all I have to say! But you are a very foolish Tadpole not to keep out of his way, as you have always been told you must."

Then the First Tadpole lost his temper. "I'm not foolish, and I'm not a Tadpole," he said. "I asked him to snap it off, and now I am a Frog!"

"Oho!" said the voice of the Yellow Brown Frog behind him. "You are a Frog, are you? Let's hear you croak then. Come out on the bank and have a hopping match with me."

"I—I don't croak yet," stammered the First Tadpole, "a—and I don't care to hop."

"You are just a tailless Tadpole," said the Yellow Brown Frog sternly. "Don't any more of you youngsters try such a plan, or some of you will be Tadpole-less tails and a good many of you won't be anything."

The old Snapping Turtle waited all morning for some more Tadpoles who wanted to be made into Frogs, but none came. The Biggest Frog croaked hoarsely when he heard of it. "Tails! Tails! Tails! Tails! Tails! Tails! Tails! Tails!" said he. "That youngster will never be a strong Frog. Tadpoles must be Tadpoles, tails and all, for a long time, if they hope to ever be really fine Frogs like me." And that is so, as any Frog will tell you.

The Green Brown Frog sighed as she crawled out on the bank. "What a silly Tadpole," she said; "I'm glad he isn't my child!"

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 30: The Tadpole

Performer: LibriVox - deongines

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

This lesson advances from insects, birds, mammals, and fish to introduce a new group of cold-blooded vertebrate animals called amphibians. The word 'amphibian' is derived from the Greek 'amphibios,' meaning 'double life.' Amphibians include frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders. Amphibians start their lives breathing with gills in water and transform into animals that live on land and breathe air. Amphibians that live this double life include frogs and toads, which start their lives as aquatic tadpoles. Tadpoles hatch from eggs laid in the water by toads or frogs. When they hatch, tadpoles look like tiny fish. They breathe with gills and have fins. As tadpoles mature, they absorb their tails, develop lungs, grow legs, and develop into frogs, toads, or other amphibians.

Vocabulary

Amphibian: A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that includes frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders. They are distinguished by having an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed (typically) by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage.
Lungs: The pair of organs within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed.
Fin: A flattened appendage on various parts of the body of many aquatic vertebrates and some invertebrates, including fish and cetaceans, used for propelling, steering, and balancing.
Gill: The paired respiratory organ of fishes and some amphibians, by which oxygen is extracted from water flowing over surfaces.

Concepts

This lesson introduces a new group of animals called amphibians. Exactly what is an amphibian?

Facts about amphibians:

  1. Amphibians are cold-blooded like fish.
  2. Amphibians live double lives since many live part of their lives in water and part on land.
  3. To reproduce, many amphibians lay eggs in water.
  4. Young amphibians that hatch from eggs are commonly called tadpoles. Tadpoles live as fish in the water.
  5. There are two types of amphibians: tailed (salamanders, newts) and tailless (frogs, toads).
  6. Grown amphibians have lungs and moist skin.

Tadpoles are immature amphibians that live in the water. Read the below description of the lifecycle of tadpoles that grow into toads.

  1. The mother toad lays jelly-like strings eggs in May and June in freshwater ponds or streams.
  2. As the tadpoles develop, they can be seen wiggling inside the clear eggs.
  3. The tadpoles eventually wiggle out.
  4. The tadpoles grow a bigger head and tiny external gills on either side of the throat.
  5. The gills move inside the throat, and the mouth opens and closes, enabling water to flow over the gills for oxygen.
  6. As the tadpole continues to grow, it begins to absorb its tail and develops legs.
  7. The tadpole loses its gills and develops lungs for its transition to dry land as a full-grown toad.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Watch the Video

  • Watch the video of tadpoles swimming in water. See their fins and tails wave in the water.

Activity 3: Classify the Animal

  • Tadpoles are animals, vertebrates, and amphibians.
  • Trace which categories tadpoles fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 4: Color and Label the Life Cycle of a Tadpole/Frog   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 62 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 5: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk near water, locate a tadpole to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. If you can't find a tadpole, you can make a sketch based on the video of tadpoles in Activity 2. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 63 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • How does the tadpole breathe?
  • How does the tadpole move?
  • How does the tadpole eat?
  • What does the tadpole eat?

Habitat observations include:

  • What special environment is needed to keep the tadpole alive?
  • In what type of water does the tadpole live (e.g. fresh water, salt water, warm tropical water, cold water)?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the tadpole?
  • Does the tadpole have scales or smooth skin?
  • What colors are the eyes?
  • What do the fins look like?

Activity 6: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 63 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

Do tadpoles hatch from eggs?
1 / 5

Answer 1

Yes, tadpoles hatch from eggs.
1 / 5

Question 2

What do tadpoles use gills for?
2 / 5

Answer 2

Tadpoles use gills for breathing oxygen.
2 / 5

Question 3

What are the tadpoles gills replaced with for breathing?
3 / 5

Answer 3

Tadpole gills are replaced with lungs for breathing.
3 / 5

Question 4

Is a tadpole a fish or an amphibian?
4 / 5

Answer 4

A tadpole is an amphibian.
4 / 5

Question 5

The word amphibians means 'double life.' How do frogs, toads, and other amphibians live double lives?
5 / 5

Answer 5

Amphibians live double lives since they start life in the water and move to the land.
5 / 5

  1. Do tadpoles hatch from eggs? Yes, tadpoles hatch from eggs.
  2. What do tadpoles use gills for? Tadpoles use gills for breathing oxygen.
  3. What are the tadpoles gills replaced with for breathing? Tadpole gills are replaced with lungs for breathing.
  4. Is a tadpole a fish or an amphibian? A tadpole is an amphibian.
  5. The word amphibians means 'double life.' How do frogs, toads, and other amphibians live double lives? Amphibians live double lives since they start life in the water and move to the land.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.